훈민정음 해례 제자해-4

訓民正音解例 制字解-4
원문참조: 훈민정음 해례본

천지인 삼극과 하도의 원리로 구성된 한글 모음 11자 ㅗ ㅏ ㅜ ㅓ ㅛ ㅑ ㅠ ㅕ . ㅡ ㅣ

ㆍ之貫於八聲者 猶陽之統陰而周流萬物也
ㆍ지관어팔성자 유양지통음이주류만물야
ㆍ가 여덟 소리를 꿴 것은(ㆍ자가 여덟 글자에 모두 들어가 있는 것은) 양(陽)이 음(陰)을 거느리고 만물에 두루 흐름(미침)과 같다.
The fact that the letter ㆍ is included in all eight vowels is like the yang (陽) leading the yin (陰) and spreading throughout all things.

ㅛㅑㅠㅕ之皆兼乎人者 以人爲萬物之靈而能參兩儀也
ㅛㅑㅠㅕ지개겸호인자  이인위만물지령이능참량의야
ㅛㅑㅠㅕ가 모두 사람(人, 곧 ㅣ)을 겸함은, 사람이 만물의 영장으로 능히 양의(兩儀, 곧 음양)에 참여할 수 있기 때문이다.
The reason why all ㅛㅑㅠㅕ includes ㅣ (human) is because humans are the lord of all things and can participate in the works of yin and yang.

取象於天地人而三才之道備矣
취상어천지인이삼재지도비의
하늘(天)·땅(地)·사람(人)에서 본을 떠 (제자하였으므로) 주역(周易)에서 말하는 삼재(三才)의 이치(道)가 갖추어지게 되었으나
Since the letters were created in the shape of heaven, earth, and humanity, the principles of the three main components mentioned in the Book of Changes were established.

然三才爲萬物之先 而天又爲三才之始
연삼재위만물지선 이천우위삼재지시
삼재가 만물의 우선이 됨과 동시에 하늘이 또 삼재의 시초가 되는 것과 같이,
Just as the Samjae(three main components) become the priority of all things, heaven also becomes the beginning of the Samjae.
 
猶ㆍㅡㅣ三字爲八聲之首 而ㆍ又爲三字之冠也
유ㆍㅡㅣ삼자위팔성지수 이ㆍ우위삼자지관야
ㆍㅡㅣ 석 자가 여덟 소리(글자)의 우두머리가 되되, 또한 ㆍ자가 이 석 자의 으뜸이다.
Following the same logic, as the three letters ㆍㅡㅣ are the leaders of the eight letters, the letter ㆍ is the leader of these three letters.
 
ㅗ初生於天 天一生水之位也
ㅗ초생어천 천일생수지위야
ㅗ가 처음으로 하늘에서 생하니, 천수(양수)로는 1이고 물(水)을 낳는 자리이다.
ㅗ is the first to be created from heaven, and its heavenly number (odd number) is 1, which location gives birth to water (水).
 
ㅏ次之 天三生木之位也
ㅏ차지 천삼생목지위야]
ㅏ가 다음으로 생겨났는데, 천수(양수)로는 3이고 나무(木)를 낳는 자리다.
ㅏ is created next, and its heavenly number is 3, which location gives birth to wood (木).
 
ㅜ初生於地 地二生火之位也
ㅜ초생어지 지이생화지위야
ㅜ가 처음으로 땅에서 생하니, 지수(음수)로는 2이고 불(火)을 낳는 자리다.
ㅜ is the first to be created from earth, and its earthly number (even number) is 2, which location gives birth to fire (火).
 
ㅓ次之 地四生金之位也
ㅓ차지 지사생금지위야
ㅓ가 다음으로 생겨났는데, 지수(음수)로는 4이고 쇠(金)을 낳는 자리다.
ㅓ is created next, and its earthly number (even number) is 4, which location gives birth to metal (金).

ㅛ再生於天 天七成火之數也
ㅛ재생어천 천칠성화지수야
ㅛ가 두 번째로 하늘에서 생겨났는데, 천수(양수)로는 7이고 불(火)를 이룩하는 수(數)이다.
ㅛ is created from heaven for the second time, and the heavenly number (odd number) is 7, which is the number that forms fire (火).
 
ㅑ次之 天九成金之數也
ㅑ차지 천구성금지수야]
ㅑ가 다음으로 생겨났는데, 천수(양수)로는 9이고 쇠(金)를 이룩하는 수(數)이다.
ㅑ was created next, and the heavenly number (odd number) is 9, which is the number that forms metal (金).
 
 
ㅠ再生於地 地六成水之數也
ㅠ재생어지 지육성수지수야
ㅠ가 두 번째로 땅에서 생겨났는데, 지수(음수)로는 6이고 물(水)을 이룩하는 수(數)이다.
ㅠ is created from earth for the second time, and the earthly number (even number) is 6, which is the number that forms water (水).
 
ㅕ次之 地八成木之數也
ㅕ차지 지팔성목지수야
ㅕ가 다음으로 생겨났는데, 지수(음수)로는 8이고 나무(木)를 이룩하는 수(數)이다.
ㅕ was created next, and the earthly number (even number) is 8, which is the number that forms wood (木).

水火未離乎氣 陰陽交合之初 故闔
수화미리호기 음양교합지초 고합
물(ㅗㅠ)과 불(ㅜㅛ)은 아직 기(氣)를 벗어나지 못하고 음과 양이 서로 사귀어 어울리는 시초이기 때문에 닫힌 소리(원순모음)가 난다.
Water (ㅗㅠ) and fire (ㅜㅛ) have not yet fully separated from each energy (氣), and this is the beginning of yin and yang becoming acquainted with each other, so a closed sound (rounded vowel) is generated.
 
木金陰陽之定質 故闢
목김음양지정질 고벽
나무(ㅏㅕ)와 쇠(ㅓㅑ)는 음과 양이 고정된 바탕이기 때문에 열린소리(비원순모음)가 난다.
Wood (ㅏㅕ) and metal (ㅓㅑ) are based on fixed yin and yang, they generate opened sounds (not rounded vowels).
 
ㆍ天五生土之位也
ㆍ천오생토지위야
ㆍ는 천수로는 5이고 흙(土)를 낳는 자리다.
The letter, ㆍ is a heavenly number 5, whose location gives birth to earth (土).
 
ㅡ地十成土之數也
ㅡ지십성토지수야
ㅡ는 지수로는 10이고 흙(土)을 이룩하는 수다.
The letter, ㅡ is an earthly number 10, whose number forms earth (土).

ㅣ獨無位數者 盖以人則無極之眞 二五之精 妙合而凝 固未可以定位成數論也
ㅣ독무위수자 개이인즉무극지진 이오지정 묘합이응 고미가이정위성수론야
(사람에게 해당하는) ㅣ만이 자리나 수가 없는 것은, 대게 사람이란 무극(無極)의 참(眞)과 이오(二五, 음양과 오행)의 정(精)이 미묘하게 어울리어 엉기어서 진실로 정위(定位, 방향을 정하고)와 성수(成數, 수를 이루는 문제)로 논할 수가 없기 때문이다.
The reason why only ㅣ, which represents a human, has no place or number in the vowel. This is because, in general, the essence of Mugeuk and the essence of the five elements of yin and yang are subtly entwined in humans, making it impossible to truly discuss them in terms of locations and numbers of yin and yang.

是則中聲之中 亦自有陰陽五行方位之數也
시즉중성지중 역자유음양오행방위지수야
이런즉 중성 가운데에도 또한 음양오행 방위의 수가 있는 것을 알 수 있다.
In this way, we can see that among the vowels, each vowel also has its own number of directions.

以初聲對中聲而言之 陰陽 天道也 剛柔 地道也
이초성대중성이언지 음양 천도야 강유 지도야
초성을 가지고 중성에 대비하여 말한다면 음양은 하늘의 이치(道)이고 강유는 땅의 이치다.
If we compare initial consonants with vowels, yin and yang are the laws of heaven, and strength and softness are the laws of the earth.
 
中聲者 一深一淺一闔一闢 是則陰陽分而五行之氣具焉 天之用也
중성자 일심일천일합일벽 시즉음양분이오행지기구언 천지용야
중성은(그 성격을 가지고 분류해 보면) 하나가 심(深)이면 하나는 천(淺)이요, 하나가 합(闔)이면 하나가 벽(闢)이니, 이는 음과 양이 나뉘고 오행이 기운이 갖추어진 것이니, 하늘의 작용이다.
As for the vowels (if classified according to their characteristics), if one is deep, the other is shallow, and when one is closed, the other is open. This means that the yin and yang are divided and the energy of the five elements is placed in the vowel, which is the action of heaven.