동의보감- 내경편 권3-51 대장부(大腸腑)

대장부(大腸腑)
[동의보감 원문 링크]

대장은 회장(迴腸)이라고도 하고 광장(廣腸)이라고도 한다. 길이는 2길 1자혹은 2자라고도 한다이고 둘레는 8촌이며, 직경은 2와 2/3촌이고 무게는 2근 12냥이다. 오른쪽으로 돌아 16개의 굽이로 쌓여 있다. 곡식 2말과 물 7.5되를 담는다. 《난경》

대장은 뒤로 척추에 붙어 있고 소장에서 나온 찌꺼기를 받아들인다. 배꼽에서 오른쪽으로 돌아 첩첩이 쌓여 있고 위아래로 큰 주름이 있으며, 대장의 아래 출구는 항문으로 이어진다. 《입문》

대장계(大腸系)와 소장계(小腸系)는 격막 밑에서 척추를 통하여 심(心)ㆍ신(腎)ㆍ방광과 서로 연결되고, 기름ㆍ막ㆍ힘줄ㆍ낙맥이 널리 퍼져 감싸고 있다. 그러나 각기 결에 따라 나뉘어져 있고 대소장과 방광을 그물처럼 연결하며, 그 가느다란 맥 속으로 기ㆍ혈ㆍ진액이 흘러 다닌다. 《입문》

코의 길이로 대장을 살핀다. 폐는 피부를 주관하기 때문에 피부가 두터우면 대장도 두껍고, 피부가 얇으면 대장도 얇다. 피부가 느슨하고 뱃집이 크면 대장이 굵고 길며, 피부가 팽팽하면 대장이 팽팽하고 짧다. 피부가 매끄러우면 대장이 곧바르다. 피부와 살이 분리되지 않으면 대장이 뭉친 것이다.

황제가, "위(胃)는 뜨거운 것을 싫어하고 차가운 것을 좋아하며, 대장은 차가운 것을 싫어하고 뜨거운 것을 좋아합니다. 이렇게 위(胃)와 대장이 맞지 않는데 어떻게 조절해야 합니까? "라 하니, 기백이, "이것을 조절하려면 음식과 의복을 온도에 맞추어야 합니다. 추울 때는 너무 춥지 않게 입고 더울 때는 땀이 나지 않게 입고, 음식은 너무 뜨겁게 하지 말고 너무 차갑게도 하지 말아야 합니다. 온도를 적절히 맞추어 진기(眞氣)를 지키면 사기가 들어오지 못합니다"라 하였다. 《영추》


[大腸腑, the Large Intestine]

大腸一名迴腸, 又名廣腸. 長二丈一尺一作二尺, 廣八寸, 徑二寸寸之太半, 重二斤十二兩, 右迴疊積十六曲, 盛穀二斗, 水七升半. 《難經》
The large intestine is also known as the revolving intestine or the broad intestine. Its length is 2 gil 1 ja [2 ja according to some] and its width is 8 chon. Its diameter is over 2.5 chon and it weighs 2 geun 12 nyang. It winds to the right side and is piled up in 16 layers. It holds 2 mal of food and 7.5 doe of water. 

大腸後附脊, 以受小腸滓穢, 當臍右迴疊積, 上下辟大, 大腸下口, 連於肛門. 《入門》
The large intestine is adjacent to the spinal column at the back and receives waste from the small intestine. It winds to the right side of the navel and is piled up in layers. There are big wrinkles both above and below it and its exit at the bottom is connected to the anus."

大小腸之系, 自膈下與脊膂, 連心腎膀胱相系, 脂膜筋絡散布包裹. 然各分紋理, 羅絡大小腸與膀胱. 其細脉之中, 乃氣血津液, 流走之道也. 《入門》
The large intestine system and small intestine system are connected to the heart, kidneys, and bladder through the spinal column below the diaphragm and are wrapped in wide layers of fat, membranes, ligaments, and collateral vessels. The layers can be differentiated according to distinct textures, and the large and small intestines and the bladder are linked by these weblike layers. These fine meridians transport qi, blood, fluid, and humor.

鼻隧以長, 以候大腸. 肺主皮, 皮厚者大腸厚, 皮薄者大腸薄. 皮緩腹裹大者, 大腸大而長. 皮急者, 大腸急而短. 皮滑者大腸直. 皮肉不相離者, 大腸結.
It is possible to infer the large intestine's status through the nose. The lungs are in charge of the skin, if the skin is thick so is the large intestine, and if the skin is thin then the large intestine is also thin. If the skin is loose and the belly large, the large intestine is thick and long, and if the skin is tight, the large intestine is also tight and short. If the skin is smooth, the large intestine is straight. If the skin and flesh cannot be separated, this means that the large intestine is lumped together.

黃帝問曰, 胃惡熱而喜淸冷, 大腸惡淸冷而喜熱, 兩者不和, 何以調之. 岐伯對曰, 調此者, 飮食衣服, 亦欲適寒溫, 寒無凄滄, 暑無出汗, 飮食熱無灼灼, 寒無滄滄, 寒溫中適, 故氣將持, 乃不致邪僻也. 《靈樞》
Huangdi (黃帝) asked, "The stomach dislikes heat and likes coldness. The large intestine dislikes coldness and likes heat. Given that the stomach and the large intestine do not correspond with each other, how can one control it?" Qibo (岐伯) answered, "One can control this by adjusting the food and clothing to the temperature. When the weather is cold, one should not dress too lightly and when the weather is hot, one should refrain from sweating too much. The food shall not be either too hot or too cold. If one adjusts to the temperature adequately and protects genuine qi, pathological gi shall not intrude."