동의보감- 내경편 권1-07 몸은 국가와 같다

[동의보감 원문 링크]

《포박자》에, "한 사람의 몸[身]은 한 국가[國]의 모습과 같다. 
가슴과 배는 궁궐[宮]과 같고, 
사지(四肢)는 교외가 나뉘어진 것과 같다. 
관절은 백관(百官)의 할 일이 구분된 것과 같다. 
신(神)은 임금이고 혈(血)은 신하이고 기(氣)는 백성이니, 몸을 다스릴 줄 알면 나라를 다스릴 수 있다. 
백성을 아끼면 나라가 편안해지듯이 기(氣)를 아끼면 몸이 온전하게 된다. 
백성이 흩어지면 나라가 망하듯이 기(氣)가 고갈되면 사람은 죽는다. 

죽은 사람은 살릴 수 없고 망한 나라는 보전할 수 없다. 그러므로 지인(至人)은 우환이 발생하기 전에 미리 해결하고 병들기 전에 미리 치료하며, 일이 벌어지기 전에 다스리고 이미 벌어진 뒤에는 좇아가지 않는다. 사람이 양생하는 것은 어렵지만 위태로워지기는 쉽고, 기(氣)가 맑아지는 것은 어렵지만 탁하게 되는 것은 쉽다. 그러므로 위엄과 덕을 분명히 하여야 사직을 보전할 수 있듯이 욕심을 버려야 혈기(血氣)를 지킬 수 있다. 그런 뒤에야 진일(眞一)이 보존되고 삼일(三一)이 지켜져서 온갖 병이 물러나고 오래 살 수 있다"라 하였다.

오행에 대응하는 오장육부

동양의학은 의식의 주체인 식신이 군주지관인 심장에 거한다고 본다

《소문》에, "심(心)은 군주에 해당하는 기관으로 신명(神明)이 나온다. 
폐(肺)는 재상에 해당하는 기관으로 치절(治節)이 나온다. 
간(肝)은 장군에 해당하는 기관으로 모려(謀慮)가 나온다. 
담(膽)은 중정(中正)에 해당하는 기관으로 결단이 나온다. 
전중(膻中)은 신하에 해당하는 기관으로 기쁨과 즐거움이 나온다. 
비위(脾胃)는 창고에 해당하는 기관으로 오미(五味)가 나온다. 
대장(大腸)은 전해주는 기관으로 변화가 나온다. 
소장(小腸)은 받아 담는 기관으로 음식물을 변화시키는 작용이 나온다. 
신(腎)은 강력한 힘을 내는 기관으로 기교가 나온다. 
삼초(三焦)는 도랑과 같은 기관으로 수도(水道)가 나온다. 
방광(膀胱)은 물이 모이는 기관으로 진액을 저장하는데 기화에 의해 배출한다. 

이러한 12개의 기관은 하나라도 없어서는 안 된다. 그러므로 군주가 밝으면 아랫사람들이 편안하니 밝은 마음으로 양생을 하면 장수하고 죽을 때까지 위태롭지 않을 것이다. 또, 밝은 군주가 천하를 다스리면 크게 번영할 것이다. 군주가 밝지 못하면 십이관(十二官)이 위태로워지고 길이 막혀서 통하지 않고 형(形)이 크게 손상을 입는다. 밝지 않은 마음으로 양생하면 재앙이 닥치고 어두운 군주가 천하를 다스리면 종묘사직이 크게 위태로울 것이니, 경계하고 또 경계하라"고 하였다.

[人身猶一國]
[The Human Body Can Be Compared to a Nation]

抱朴子曰, 一人之身, 一國之象也. 胸腹之位, 猶宮室也. 四肢之別, 猶郊境也. 骨節之分, 猶百官也. 神猶君也. 血猶臣也, 氣猶民也. 知治身則能治國矣. 夫愛其民, 所以安其國. 惜其氣, 所以全其身. 民散則國亡, 氣竭則身死. 
It is said in the Baopuzi (抱朴子): "The body of a human being is like a nation. The chest and abdomen are the royal palaces, and the four limbs are the boundaries at the outskirts of the country. Joints imply how the tasks of all the officials are divided. The spirit is the king, blood is the servant, and qi is the civilians; this is why one can control the country if one knows how to control the body. The body becomes healthy if qi is taken care of well, just as the country is peaceful if the civilians are taken care of well; the body cannot maintain its life if qi is depleted, just as the country cannot exist if civilians scatter. 

死者不可生也. 亡者不可全也. 是以至人消未起之患, 治未病之疾, 醫之於無事之前, 不追於旣逝之後. 夫人難養而易危, 氣難淸而易濁. 故能審威德, 所以保社稷. 割嗜慾, 所以固血氣. 然後眞一存焉. 三一守焉. 百病却焉. 年壽延焉.
A dead person cannot be brought back to life, and a perished country cannot rebuild itself once it perishes.  Therefore, a wise person should settle problems before they erupt, treat illnesses before they occur, subdue arguments, and not pursue arguments once they have already broken out. It is difficult to nurture the life of a person while it is easy to put it into danger; it is difficult to clear one's qi while it is easy to cloud one's qi. Therefore, preserving one's blood and gi is possible only when the person does not waver over one's emotions; just as preserving the government is possible only when the throne remains under dignity and virtue. Only after this does genuine gi remain intact and save the spirit, blood, and gi. Also, only then is the person able to overcome the diseases and live long. 

素問曰, 心者, 君主之官, 神明出焉. 肺者, 相傳之官, 治節出焉. 肝者, 將軍之官, 謀慮出焉. 膽者, 中正之官, 決斷出焉. 膻中者, 臣使之官, 喜樂出焉. 脾胃者, 倉廩之官, 五味出焉. 大腸者, 傳導之官, 變化出焉. 小腸者, 受盛之官, 化物出焉. 腎者, 作强之官, 伎巧出焉. 三焦者, 決瀆之官, 水道出焉. 膀胱者, 州都之官, 津液藏焉, 氣化則能出矣. 
It is said in the Basic Questions (素問): "The heart is the organ equivalent to the king where the bright spirit is emitted. The lungs are the organ equivalent to the prime minister where the rules of regulation are emitted. The liver is equivalent to the general where schemes and considerations are emitted. The gallbladder is equivalent to unbiased neutrality where resolution is emitted. The chest center is equivalent to the office where happiness and joy are emitted. The spleen and stomach are equivalent to the storage where the five tastes are emitted. The large intestine is equivalent to the messenger where transformation is emitted. The small intestine receives and stores and thus changes the food. The kidneys are organs of great power where technical skills are emitted. The triple energizers are equivalent to the gully where the way of water flow is emitted. The bladder is the organ where water is gathered and fluid and humor are stored; the fluid and humor can be emitted by the force of the transformation of qi. 

凡此十二官者, 不得相失也. 故主明則下安, 以此養生則壽, 沒世不殆, 以爲天下則大昌. 主不明則十二官危, 使道閉塞而不通, 形乃大傷, 以此養生則殃, 以爲天下者其宗大危, 戒之戒之.
The twelve organs are all necessary. Therefore, civilians can live peacefully when the king is bright; if one nurtures one's life with a bright mind, one will live long and one's life will not be in danger. Also, the country will prosper if the ruler is bright. If the ruler is not bright, the twelve organs would be in danger, the ways would be blocked and unable to flow through, and the shape would be harmed greatly. If one nurtures life with a dark mind, disaster will come, and the country will be in danger if the ruler does not control it with a bright mind. Therefore, one must beware all the time."